Evolution of Dry Cleaning Solvents

When our clothes have elegant designs (like gowns,other alternative solvents were explored to support
formal suits or wedding attires) or when they arethe dry cleaning industry.
made with delicate and hard to clean materials andSome dry cleaners claim that they offer an 'organic
fabric (such as suede and leather), we can neitherdry cleaning'. This concept often misleads consumers
clean them in a washing machine for doing so maywho often associate the term 'organic' to mean an all
ruin the design or fabric. Nor hand wash them since itnatural and safe method to dry clean. In essence,
would be laborious. The best option to clean suchorganic dry cleaning means using hydrocarbon
clothes is through a dry cleaner.solvents such as Exxon-Mobil's DF-2000 or Chevron
Dry cleaning is the process of cleaning clothes orPhillips' EcoSolv since any chemical with a chain of
fabric without the use of soap and water, thus it iscarbon is scientifically classified as 'organic'. However,
referred to as 'dry'. Instead of water, a different kindDF-2000 is classified as a VOC and it is listed by the
of liquid is used to remove the dirt and stain off ourEPA as a neurotoxin and skin and eye irritant for
clothes.workers.
In the mid-19th century, Jean Baptiste JollyLiquid silicone or D5 is an environmentally friendly
discovered when his maid spilled kerosene on thealternative to perc. It is gentler on fabrics and does
tablecloth that the fabric became cleaner after thenot cause color loss or change. Its GreenEarth
incident. Thus came the birth of dry cleaning, whichCleaning licensed and affiliation charged with an annual
used kerosene and other volatile liquids such asfee and its high price make D5 more expensive than
gasoline and naphtha to clean fabrics and linens.perc but produces no toxic waste and degrades
But due to the flammability of those earlywithin days.
petroleum-based solvents, William Joseph StoddardThe use of Carbon Dioxide in dry cleaning result to a
worked with a colleague from a research institute tominimal loss of CO2 in the atmosphere, thus global
develop the Stoddard solvent, a less volatile solventwarming effect is also lessened. This dry cleaning
use to dry clean clothes. In 1928, dry cleanersmethod is also used for fire and water damaged
started using it and was predominant in the US fromrestoration, due to its effectiveness in removing
the late 1920s-1950s.toxic residues, soot and other associated odors of
After World War I, perchloroethylenefire. However the cost of this machinery is too
(tetrachloroethylene) or 'perc' became the solventexpensive compared to conventional perc cleaners.
trend in dry cleaning. It is a chlorinated solvent withNone the less most garment labeled as 'dry clean
great cleaning properties and is stable, nonflammable,only' can be cleaned through Wet Cleaning. It is a
and gentle to most garments. But despite 'perc' beingprocess that uses water and biodegradable soap.
an ideal dry cleaning solvent, it is prominentlyComputer-controlled dryers and stretching machines
hazardous to our health.are used to retain shape and size of garment.
Due to this health threatening issues from using 'perc',