Why Development Must Be Green

Here is the situation:to reduce global GHG emissions below the rate at
India congratulates itself for having among the lowestwhich the planet can absorb those emissions, until we
per-capita rates of greenhouse gas emission in theget back down to a sustainable level. We are already
world. India's GHG emissions are about 1.5 tonnes ofin "overshoot".
CO2 equivalent per capita. India claims it "is not aWe need to get global human-caused emissions down
significant contributor" to global GHG emissionsto about 14 billion tonnes of CO2 per year just to
(though it is the fifth largest, and will probably be thekeep atmospheric CO2 levels from rising. Since
3rd largest within a few years). It says won't exceedpopulation is also increasing we should target a global
the per capita emissions of the industrialized countriesrate of emissions of about 1.8 tonnes per person per
even as it develops. (It should be careful about thisyear.
promise, since industrialized countries could cut theirWell, that was a lot of introduction, but now you can
per-capita rates substantially if they wanted to.see the implications:
These goalposts can be moved, and such promises- India already approaches the total per-capita
forgotten.)emission level that all of us (or our descendants) will
But India achieves this low rate of emissions becausehave to attain to keep the earth from going over
of the millions who are so poor that they generatethe edge, climate-change wise.
no greenhouse gases to speak of. If it raises them- India has the relatively easy job of raising living
out of poverty they will want vehicles, electric lightsstandards while not increasing GHG emissions.
and appliances, air conditioning, and many other- The US, for example, has the harder task of
amenities they have been denied. Their GHGreducing per-capita emissions by 95% without
emissions will climb toward those of the middle class,reducing living standards, and while burdened with a
which already equal those of most industrializedhuge legacy of carbon-intensive infrastructure.
nations. (If the Indian "middle class" (and above)India will be building infrastructure as it develops, and
includes 50 million people, and they account for halfits people will be deciding how to live with greater
of India's 1.5 billion metric tonnes of GHG emissions,personal wealth.
each is already emitting more than the averageIndia must build toward a less carbon-intensive
citizen of the U.K., Japan, Spain or France, and twicesociety, rather than mimicking the high-carbon
as much as the average Swiss.)excesses, the mistakes, of the industrialized
The atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gasescountries. Do it right the first time or you will have to
that we believe will not trigger catastrophic climatedo it twice, setting back development and prolonging
disruption is about 350 parts per million of CO2. Sincethe poverty of the nation.
the level is already at 385 ppm that means we have